Types of Bridge Foundations | Bridge Foundation Construction

The bridge foundation are particularly essential or critical since they ought to maintain the entire load of the bridge and the traffic loads that it will pass on. A bridge foundation is the part built under the pier or abutment and over the fundamental soil or rock. The loads sent by the foundations to the subordinate soil should not cause soil shear failure or harming settlement of the superstructure. Here it is discussed the bridge foundation, bridge foundation construction process, and types of bridge foundation.

Foundation is the significant structural piece of bridges and it is also the main component or segment part of the bridge. It gets the loads from the piers or abutments and moves them to the soil. The reason for the foundation is to convey a load of the bridge over an enormous bearing region and give solidness to the bridge against settlement and shifting. It is given adequately profound with the goal that is not influenced by the scouring.

Bridge Foundation

Bridge foundation is the base of a bridge that transmit the load from substructure (Abutments, piers, retaining walls, etc.) to the soil strata without any failure or not affected by scouring.

Depending on the nature and depth, the bridge foundation can be classified into the following types:

Open or Shallow foundation
Deep foundation.

Open or Shallow Foundation

This is the type of bridge foundation. A shallow foundation is suitable for moderate height structure, dry ground and hard soil strata or stone, etc where the complete structure settlement will be within acceptable limits and the supporting soil strata is available within 1.5 to 3 m below the bed Level of the watercourse and when the scouring is minimum. This is more economical than a deep foundation. This type of foundation can be classified into-

1. Spread Foundation

The spread foundation is also called an open foundation and is suitable for bridges of average height built on a firm and dry ground to provide support for the structure. This type of foundation is suitable where there is minimum scouring and the hard ground begins from 1.5-3 m below the level of the watercourse.

2. Raft Foundation

These types of bridge foundation are generally utilized where there passable bearing limit of the soil is less and the watercourse bed contains delicate clay and silt. It favors foundations where hard soil isn’t found inside sensible profundity of 1.5m – 2.5m, beneath the watercourse.

3. Grillge Foundation

This types of bridge foundation is reasonable for weighty and separated footings of wharves where deep foundations are to be stayed away from. Grillage foundation is most appropriate where subsoil conditions are poor.

Deep foundation

This type of bridge foundation is used when the existing soil is not stable enough to support the load and needs to transfer the loads further down the earth to utilize stable soil or hard strata. Deep foundations are generally more expensive than shallow foundations and the construction process of a deep foundation is more complex. But a deep foundation is essential for safety and maintaining the integrity of a structure. This type of foundation can be classified into-

1. Pile foundation

Pile foundation is used in conditions where there is very soft soil and hard strata are not available at a reasonable depth. It is also used where scouring of a river as to be done and a large concentrated load is to be taken by the foundation.

2. Well Foundation

Well foundation of bridge is the types of bridge foundation that is utilized when the bed has sandy soil also, hard soil is accessible at 3 – 4 m beneath the level of the watercourse. Most appropriate on soil a cotton having delicate soils what’s more, sandy soils and weighty scouring is relied upon due to the huge velocity of approach of the river.

3. Caisson foundation

This type of bridge foundation is more suitable where hard strata are available near the river bed but the depth of water is excessive and it is not economically possible to exclude water from a dry bed for sinking the wells to provide a well foundation. This type of hollow substructure can be constructed near or on the ground surface and which is sunk to the desired level as a single unit. They have huge load-carrying capacity and are commonly used for bridge foundations.

Functions of Bridge Foundation

To distribute the load of the abutment, pier, etc. over a larger bearing area so as to bring the intensity of load within the safe bearing capacity of the soil, supporting the bridge structure.
To load the bearing surface at a uniform rate so as to prevent unequally settlement of the sub-soil and the bridge superstructure.
To prevent the lateral escape of the supporting material of the river bed on which the structure rests.
To prevent tilting and overturning of the abutment and piers provided in the bridge construction.
To provide a level and firm base for the construction of abutments and piers for the bridge.

Bridge Foundation Construction Process

We as whole expertise significant a decent foundation is intended for a structure. In any case, an appropriately constructed foundation may be considerably more significant for a bridge. What’s more, with the helpless condition of our framework nowadays, there is a direness to building bridges with solid foundation construction.

While it might appear to be clear from the beginning, assembling a foundation for a bridge is a confounded interaction. In the event that a bridge is going over water, there’s a decent possibility that it will require underwater backings. In this article, we will take a gander at a couple of methods of foundation construction for bridges.

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